Virtually every computer requires a
mechanism to resolve name to IP addresses.
This requirement arise because IP
address consist of four groups of number (Version 4, Version 6 consist 6
groups) and can be difficult for people to remember. People are tending to
connect to network services by specifying a name. These names are called
hostnames, and each machine is assigned one. Groups of these hosts form a
domain. The software that translates these names to network addresses is called
the Domain Name System (DNS).
Before Server 2000 NetBIOS (Network
Basic Input/output System) names were used to identify computers, services, and
other resources on Windows-based machines. In the early days of Windows
networks, LMHOSTS files were used for NetBIOS name resolution.
With Windows 2000 and Windows Server
2003, hostnames are used instead of NetBIOS names. In a Windows Server 2003
domain, DNS is used to resolve hostnames and locate resources such as network
services.
To support earlier version in Server
2003 both NetBIOS and DNS coexist. These naming systems are not related with
each other so they require separate configuration to resolve their name to IP
address.
Earlier versions of window still
rely on NetBIOS names to communicate with other hosts on a network. A NetBIOS
name is a 16-character name where the first 15 characters identify a unique
host and the 16th character identifies a service or application running on the
host such as the Workstation or Server service.
Differences
between NetBIOS and DNS
DNS is a naming system that allows
people to use names instead of IP address. Names are then translated
automatically into IP addresses that computers use to locate each other and to
communicate.
NetBIOS is an API (application
programming interface) used in earlier version of windows that allow computers
to connect and communicate.
NetBIOS use 16-character name while
DNS used 255 character names.
NetBIOS use flat name while DNS use
hierarchical name.
- NetBIOS Name :- NetBIOS names are the name which you assign the computer during the installation. NetBIOS computer names are 15 characters, whereas NetBIOS service names are 16 characters. First 15 characters of the NetBIOS service name are the same as the host name. Last sixteenth character is used to identify the specific NetBIOS services.
- Host name:- First part of FQDN. For example first part of the FQDN system1.example.com is system1. Host name is also known as computer name.
- FQDN :- FQDN is a unique DNS name that indentifies the computer on the network. You can understand it as concatenations of the host name, primary DNS suffix, and a period.
Illustration
of FQDN
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