Linux file system

File system in Linux is as follows:-

root     :           it is an home directory of super user (root) administrator

etc       :           it is the location of all configuration file and directory used for server

           Configuration or system configuration

dev      :           it is a location of the device file

home   :           it is a location of home directory or regular users

proc     :           it is a virtual file system or directory not actually store on the disk and

            contain system information

                        # cat /proc/meminfo

                        # cat /proc/cpuinfo

boot     :           contain kernel and boot related files

sys       :           it is also a virtual directory and contain system information

media  :           it is a mount point of removable disk like cdrom floppy usb drive etc.

tmp     :           it contain all temporary file

usr       :           it is used for software installation

lib        :           it contain all library files

bin       :           it is the location of all executable files or command or user command

/usr/bin also contain user command

sbin     :           it contain all system command or super user command /usr/sbin

mnt     :           it is a mount point for physical hard-disk or partition

opt       :           optional directory and used for temporary working

var      :           it is a variable file system or directory and contain all log and error

message

File system type:

Dos                  :           Fat 16

95/XP/2000   :           FAT32

XP/NT/2000:           NTFS

Linux              :           EXT2, EXT3

UNIX              :           VXFS

Representation Of Media Devices::  

The entire device files are stored in /dev/

Hard disk       ; /dev/hdx

Where x is

a          :           /dev/hda       :           Primary master

b          :           /dev/hdb       :           Primary slave

c          :           /dev/hdc       :           Secondary master

d          :           /dev/hdd       :           Secondary slave

In case of SCSI, Sata or USB we will use : /dev/sda

CD-rom:

            /dev/cdrom

            /dev/cdrom1

            /dev/cdrecorder

Floppy:

            /dev/fd0

            /dev/fd1

to access partition of windows in linux

#mount –t vfat /dev/hdax /mnt

in order to check the label of any partition

#e2label /dev/hdax

where x is number

Mounting CD Rom:-

# mount –t auto /dev/hdc /media/cdrom

-t : file type

auto : file type

in order to check where cdrom is attached we can open the file fstab

#vi /etc/fstab

now in case of RHEl 3.0 we have to use command in order to unmount.

# umount /media/cdrom

and then eject the cdrom

in case of RHEL 4.0 we simply type

# eject

Mounting Floppy:-

#mount –t auto /dev/fd0 /media/floppy

in case of floppy we have to umount first then only we remove floppy otherwise all content of floppy may be lost or floppy may be physically damaged.

# umount  /media/floppy

Mounting USB media: - directed by the kernel as SCSI device

/dev/sdax

vi Editor:

Using vi , we can create or modify any file.